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推导:1+2+...+(a-1) = (a+1)+(a+2)+...+b ==> a(a-1) = (a+1+b)(b-a) //等差数列求和 ==> a^2 - a = b^2-a^2 +b-a ==> 2*a^2 = b^2+b ==> 8*a^2 = 4*b^2 +4*b +1-1 ==> 2*(2*a)^2 = (2*b+1) -1 ==> (2*b+1)^2 - 2*(2*a)^2 = 1 令 x = 2*b+1, y= 2*a 则 x^2 - 2*y^2 = 1 *(1) 设 (x1,y1) (x2,y2) 是方程的解 则有 x1^2 - 2*y1^2 = 1 (2) x2^2 - 2*y2^2 = 1 (3) (2)*(3) ==> (x1^2 - 2*y1^2)*(x2^2 - 2*y2^2) =1 ==> x1^2*x2^2 - (2*x1^2*y2^2+2*y1^2*x2^2) + 4*y1^2*y2^2 = 1 ==> (x1*x2)^2+(2*y1*y2)^2+4*x1*x2*y1*y2 - (2*x1^2*y2^2+2*y1^2*x2^2 + 4*x1*x2*y1*y2) = 1 ==> (x1*x2+2*y1*y2)^2 - 2*( x1*y2+x2*y1)^2 = 1 (4) 令 p = x1*x2+2*y1*y2 q = x1*y2+x2*y1 则 (4) ==> p^2 -2*q^2 = 1 所以 (p,q)也是方程 1的解 ps: 在(2)*(3)的推导中,辅助项“+4*x1*x2*y1*y2” 可以是减号 则 p = abs( x1*x2 - 2*y1*y2 ) q = abs( x1*y2 - x2*y1) 则由题目中的 a1=6, b1=8 ==> x1 = 17, y1=12 a2=35, b2=49 ==> x2 = 99, y2=70 ==> p = abs(17*99-2*12*70) = abs(1683-1680) = 3 = 2*b+1 ==> b=1 q = abs(17*70-12*99) = abs(1190-1188) = 2 = 2*a ====> a=1 得到的 (a,b) = (1,1)是最小对 应用辅助项“+4*x1*x2*y1*y2”(加号)可以 由 (1,1)和(a1,b1)=(6,8) 推出(a2,b2) = (35, 49) 由 (1,1)和(a2,b2)=(35, 49) 推出(a3,b3) = (204, 288) 由 (1,1)和(a3,b3)=(204,288) 推出(a4,b4) = ... ....................... Followed by:
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