程序很简单，自己考虑了半天，没发现效率特别差的地方，也试着改过if为switch，也一样超时，不知道为什么。
程序如下：
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    map<string, int> result;
    map<string, int>::iterator pResult;
    
    int phoneNum;
    string phone;

    cin >> phoneNum;
    for(int i=0; i<phoneNum; i++)
    {
        cin >> phone;
        
        string temp;
        for(int j=0; j<phone.length(); j++)
        {
            char c = phone.at(j);
            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
            {
                temp += c;
            }
            else if (c=='A' || c=='B' || c=='C')
            {
                temp += "2";
            }
            else if (c=='D' || c=='E' || c=='F')
            {
                temp += "3";
            }
            else if (c=='G' || c=='H' || c=='I')
            {
                temp += "4";
            }
            else if (c=='J' || c=='K' || c=='L')
            {
                temp += "5";
            }
            else if (c=='M' || c=='N' || c=='O')
            {
                temp += "6";
            }
            else if (c=='P' || c=='R' || c=='S')
            {
                temp += "7";
            }
            else if (c=='T' || c=='U' || c=='V')
            {
                temp += "8";
            }
            else if (c=='W' || c=='X' || c=='Y')
            {
                temp += "9";
            }
        }
        temp.insert(3, 1, '-');
        ++result[temp];
    }
    
    bool tag = false;
    for(pResult=result.begin(); pResult!=result.end(); pResult++)
    {
        if(pResult->second > 1)
        {
            cout << pResult->first << " " << pResult->second << endl;
            tag = true;
        }
    }
    if (!tag)
        cout << "No duplicates." << endl;
}

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