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Language: Exchanges
Description Given n integer registers r1, r2, ..., rn we define a Compare-Exchange Instruction CE(a, b), where a, b are register indices (1 <= a < b <= n):
CE(a, b):: if content(ra) > content(rb) then exchange the contents of registers ra and rb; A Compare-Exchange program (shortly CE-program) is any nite sequence of Compare-Exchange instructions. A CE-program is called a Minimum-Finding program if after its execution the register r1 always contains the smallest value among all values in the registers. Such program is called reliable if it remains a Minimum-Finding program after removing any single Compare-Exchange instruction. Given a CE-program P , what is the smallest number of instructions that should be added at the end of program P in order to get a reliable Minimum-Finding program? Example Consider the following CE-program for 3 registers: CE(1, 2); CE(2, 3); CE(1, 2). In order to make this program a reliable Minimum-Finding program it is sufficient to add only two instructions, CE(1, 3) and CE(1, 2). Task Write a program which for each data set: reads the description of a CE-program, computes the smallest number of CE-instructions that should be added to make this program a reliable Minimum-Finding program, writes the result. Input The first line of the input contains exactly one positive integer d equal to the number of data sets, 1 <= d <=10. The data sets follow.
Each data set consists of exactly two consecutive lines. The first of those lines contains exactly two integers n and m separated by a single space, 2 <= n <= 10 000, 0 <= m <= 25 000. Integer n is the number of registers and integer m is the number of program instructions. The second of those lines contains exactly 2m integers separated by single spaces - the program itself. Integers aj, bj on positions 2j -1 and 2j, 1 < j < m, 1 <= aj < bj <= n, are parameters of the j-th instruction in the program. Output The output should consist of exactly d lines, one line for each data set.
Line i, 1 <= i <= d, should contain only one integer - the smallest number of instructions that should be added at the end of the i-th input program in order to make this program a reliable Minimum-Finding program. Sample Input 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 Sample Output 2 Source |
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